Introduction– Fertility is generally defined as the ability of an individual to conceive or have children. But, the process of conception has many steps, all of which are governed by various hormones and other pathways. If any one of these hormones or pathways don’t work right, then the individual may have to deal with infertility. PCOS is the single most well known cause for wreaking havoc on a woman’s hormonal and reproductive health. If you have been searching for ‘best PCOS clinic near me’ online, then walk in to Feminova Clinic today! 

Hormones Involved in Fertility-

There are many hormones that are necessary for a woman to be able to conceive. Hormone levels are never constant and instead peak and drop – which is how women have menstrual cycles, roughly every month or so. The 4 main hormones that regulate the whole process and reproductive health of a woman include- 

• LH- Luteinising Hormone- This hormone works with FSH during ovulation, by triggering the release of a mature egg from the ovary. When LH levels surge in the middle of your menstrual cycle and this determines the peak of your fertile window. High LH values may indicate PCOS in women. It can lead to missed periods or irregular ovulation. 

• FSH- Follicle Stimulating Hormone – FSH is produced by the pituitary gland. Development and maturation of the ovaries occurs due to FSH in females. Both high and low levels of FSH can be problematic. High FSH levels occur due to primary ovary insufficiency. Low levels of FSH can lead to infertility in both men and women. 

• Oestrogen – Oestrogen is a hormone produced by fat cells, the ovaries and the adrenal glands. Oestrogen levels are the highest in your fertile window. One of its functions is to thin cervical mucus- allowing sperm to make their way to the egg in an easier manner. Oestrogen causes the endometrial lining to grow and thicken every month, so implantation can occur, if fertilisation takes place. Normal oestrogen levels can mean that your menstrual cycle is regular. 

• Progesterone – After the mature  egg has been released, the corpus luteum in the follicle triggers the release of progesterone. This hormone’s levels will continue to increase if fertilisation and implantation occur. But, if fertilisation has not occurred, then the corpus luteum will degenerate, causing progesterone levels to fall, till the next LH surge causes it to increase, in the following cycle. Progesterone levels keep increasing for a few weeks, even after pregnancy has been established. This occurs, so as to allow time for the placenta  to grow. Once the placenta is around 12 weeks, it begins to produce progesterone on its own, which will then continue to sustain the pregnancy till term. 

• Prolactin and TSH issues can also impact fertility in women. 

In men, both FSH and testosterone are important in making sure that enough sperm cells are produced and that they are motile. LH helps in production of testosterone by the testes. If thyroid hormones are affected, then LH, FSH and testosterone action can go haywire. 

Hormonal Imbalance and PCOS-

The 3 hormones- LH, FSH and oestrogen help ovulation and occurrence of monthly menstrual cycles. When the hormones are not in the right levels, you may have to deal with PCOS related symptoms. For men, it can translate to poor sperm quality and low count. 

This hormonal imbalance can impact fertility- as ovulation becomes irregular, egg maturation does not occur, excessive hair growth and symptoms caused by high levels of androgens. 

Conclusion– Hormonal imbalances – either highs or lows can be frustrating to deal with- as they can impact fertility negatively. But there is no need to despair. You will need medication and have to make lifestyle changes- so that hormone levels get back within range. You will need specialised PCOD treatment in Hyderabad, if you have not been able to conceive. So, walk in to the Feminova Clinic in Nallagandla, as we are the best fertility clinic in Hyderabad. Call us today! 

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Introduction- Every parent wants to have a hearty and healthy child, with no abnormalities or disorders. This is where PGD comes in. In natural conceptions, prenatal tests are done to identify genetic abnormalities while in IVF conceptions, pre-implantation genetic screenings are done to identify abnormalities in fertilised embryos.  These tests are legal and are available in most fertility centres. Specialised techniques like biopsy of embryo and subsequent genetic analysis using techniques like PCR, FISH or CGH is done for identification of normal, healthy embryos – all in an effort to prevent miscarriages from occurring in the future, or to prepare you for any other eventuality. Cost can vary according to the area and centres and it requires a significant amount of financial investment in some cases. The use of PGD as a mode of screening is increasing in India, as there is greater willingness to try IVF and other ART methods, if natural conception is not happening. 

What Is A Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGd) And Its Types?

Pre implantation genetic diagnoses are a series of testing done on embryos which are fertilized through IVF, for screening genetic disorders or chromosomal abnormalities before transferring it to the mother. It helps your family to ensure and aim for healthy children, free from disorders by ending the familial history of genetic transmission of diseases. 

Different types of PGD’s:

There are 2 main types:

• PGD for monogenic disorders/ PGT-M: This type of pre implantation genetic diagnosis is useful in detecting diseases of a single gene type; it is clear, specific and widely accepted. Helps in anomaly detection even before implantation in the uterus. These tests are recommended to couples with strong family traits of genetic anomalies identifying the possible percentage of anomaly transfer. For this test, the parents must initially undergo genetic testing to identify the error or mutation in the gene. Once the results are obtained,  the embryos are diagnosed appropriately for those specific genetic anomalies making it easier for designing IVF protocols. 
• PGS/PGT-A: This technique is used to select embryos with the right chromosomal number (euploidy), as this can determine its capability for implantation in the uterus. Embryos with higher or lower number of chromosomes (aneuploidy)  may not implant correctly leading to pregnancy loss. It is specifically done for mothers of advanced age or with a recurrent history of miscarriage or failed IVF cycles. 

What Is Analysed Using Pgd?

PGD is used for analysing chromosomal conditions in families where-

• One partner in the couple has a dominant gene of a genetic disorder; there is a 50% chance of their future offspring having the same genetic mutation. 
• The mother is a carrier – she may or may not transfer the defective gene to her offspring and there is still a 50% chance of inheritance, depending on the gender of the child. 
• Both the parents are genetically recessive – then there is about a 25% chance that their future offspring may be affected, and have both copies of the recessive gene- leading to the condition. 

Conclusion– Pre-implantation genetic testing or diagnosis is an advanced science in the field of in-vitro fertilization. All the embryos produced through IVF may not be healthy and couples with a history of delayed fertility or genetic anomalies tend to face miscarriages. In such cases, PGD is more like a safe precaution and a confirmation if their embryo or future offspring can lead a healthy life or not. The decision can be made by the parents if they’re willing to take a chance with children who are genetically abnormal. This kind of diagnosis helps the couple to have a happy and healthy family. If they’re carriers of recessive genes, this procedure can help their off-springs and the future generations to be free from such genetic anomalies. These tests are conducted under the guidance of experienced doctors and IVF specialists in fully equipped fertility hospitals or clinics. 

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Introduction– The uterus is a tiny, muscular organ located deep within the pelvis and looks almost like a bag, ready to receive an egg after fertilisation and provides a spot for implantation to occur so further development can occur. When there are certain signs like pain, excessive bleeding or other symptoms which may not be easy to understand, detailed imaging may help pinpoint the exact underlying cause. A hysteroscopy is an easy procedure that can be performed by an experienced women clinic nearby. Let us look at what it is and when it needs to be performed in greater detail.  

What is  A Hysteroscopy? 

A scope in medical terms is just another way of telling you that there is a camera which will be able to provide real time imaging of the body part in concern. The same principle applies here- a thin tube with imaging capabilities is inserted into the uterus through the cervix and vagina and this can then help the gynecologist diagnose or even operate on a particular condition. It becomes a diagnostic procedure when the doctor is trying to understand what the cause for the symptoms are, while it is operative if you need surgery for previously diagnosed conditions like uterine fibroids, polyps or adhesions. It can be both diagnostic and operative in nature if the doctor suspects polyps or fibroids and uses a hysteroscope while operating on them. 

When To Get A Hysteroscopy Done?

If you have the following symptoms, then you should talk to a specialist in the best fertility clinic in Hyderabad without too much delay-

• When there is heavier bleeding than usual- If you are losing more blood than on your heaviest period or if all of your periods are very heavy, then it is time to get it checked. This symptom may be due to polyps, fibroids or major hormonal shifts. 
• Spotting or irregular periods- If you notice some spotting between your monthly cycles or your regular periods suddenly become irregular, then you should talk to a doctor.
• Severe pelvic pain or cramping- Cramping or pain does not have to be a usual feature of your monthly cycle. If there is too much pain, then it may be fibroids or adhesions too. 
• Postmenopausal bleeding- If you are menopausal and suddenly have bleeding, you should check it out, as a hysteroscopy can check the uterine lining for any abnormal changes or cancerous growth. 
• Unexplained infertility-Not being able to get pregnant may be a side effect of various uterine issues. So, you can get a hysteroscopy done to check. 
• Multiple miscarriages- if you have repeatedly dealt with pregnancy loss, then you should evaluate the uterus too as some defect may be the underlying cause- which can be corrected in a majority of cases. 

Benefits of Getting a Hysteroscopy-

The main advantage of a hysteroscopy is that it is minimally invasive- as there are no incisions or stitches to worry about. You can go home the same day after the procedure is done. It allows the gynecologist to get a clear view of the uterus, its lining and any associated structures. The risk of developing complications is almost none to very minimal and when you get it done early, you can go for prompt treatment too. 

But, not every woman is eligible for it- if you are pregnant, have a severe pelvic infection or have any conditions that don’t allow the hysteroscope to enter the uterus easily, then you may need to look at other diagnostic tests for uterine issues. 

Conclusion– Being proactive about your reproductive health is a great way to ensure that there are no unwanted surprises. This can also ensure that you will be diagnosed correctly and will then be able to get appropriate treatment. The procedure is not painful at all and is minimally invasive, with most women not needing anaesthesia at all. Though women are taught not to worry too much if there is cramping, changes in bleeding schedule or change in discharge as all these factors are dependent on hormonal changes, it is important to understand when something may be seemingly minor and when a particular symptom may be a sign of something more critical. So, if you have been searching for ‘the best gynecologist near me’, then you don’t have too far to go- walk into Feminova Clinics and schedule a consultation with our fertility specialists today! 

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Introduction–  Scientific advancements in the field of fertility have been growing rapidly, giving hope to many couples who may not be able to conceive. Many procedures like IVF, in-vitro gametogenesis, genetic editing, pre implantation genetic testing and cryopreservation are now being used to help individuals in very scientific ways. An embryo is a by-product from the process of fertilization which includes a mature egg and sperm. Embryo cryopreservation or embryo freezing is a process that is used to freeze healthy fertilized eggs for future use. In countries like India, embryo freezing is an exceptional choice for couples who choose to protect their fertility for various reasons. Couples with high risk conditions like cancer, endometriosis, and ovarian failure can preserve their ability to conceive, with this technique. The success rate of frozen embryo transfers is about 60% for women under the age of 35yrs in India, according to various studies that have been conducted. 

Why Freeze Embryos?

Excess embryos are quite common in couples trying to conceive through IVF. These can be used for the future by freezing them. This process is called cryo-preservation. It is helpful in cases when the couple wants to cancel or postpone an implantation after one good fertilized egg, or if they want to have the choice to try again, if one round of IVF fails. They may also choose to donate them to other couples who are trying to get pregnant or for research purposes.

Process Of Embryo Cryopreservation-

The interested couple must visit a fertility clinic, where they will be asked to get a few preliminary tests done. Once the results are out and the doctor gives the go ahead, the process begins. 

• Egg collection: The doctor will first sedate you and then collect multiple eggs at once, using a hollow needle and catheter. This process is also called egg retrieval.
• Fertilization:Later, these collected eggs are all fertilized under the guidance of an embryologist with the sperm collected from your partner. The fertilization of an egg takes place in a petri dish within a lab setting for 7 days. These embryos are then sent for genetic testing to identify any genetic conditions or anomalies.
• Embryo grading: Once genetic testing is done, the embryos are graded for their higher feasibility and successful growth for implantation. 
• Vitrification: The highly graded embryos are then carefully frozen using liquid nitrogen to prevent ice crystals from forming, that could damage the embryonic cells.
• Storage in Bank-The storage of these embryos is usually in a lab and they can be safely preserved for 10 yrs or even longer. If an egg is collected from a woman aged below 35yrs, there is about a 95% chance that the frozen embryos can survive the thawing process.

Process Of Using The Frozen Embryos For Pregnancy:

Once you decide to get pregnant, FET (Frozen embryo transfer) begins. The mother usually receives oestrogen pills or injections for improving the uterine lining and progesterone treatment to make the uterus safe for embryo. In cases where the mother has natural cycles, the doctor waits until ovulation and then the embryo is transferred into the uterus 5 days after ovulation. This is called natural FET (Frozen embryo transfer).

Benefits Of Cryo-Preservation:

• It is useful for couples who don’t wish to get pregnant any time soon. 
• Couples with fertility issues.
• Helpful for couples that undergo treatments which damage their fertility.
• Women who are uncertain of their partners can choose for their eggs to be frozen & get fertilized with donor sperm at a later date. 

Risks: 

You should be aware of the risks associated with this procedure, even if it is a minor one. 

• Damage to the embryos while freezing
• Weak embryos that do not fit the criteria  cannot be frozen
• Failure to get pregnant even after implantation
• Higher incidence of age related pregnancy risks. 
• Multiple births if more eggs are implanted.

Conclusion – Cryo-preservation of embryos is one of the best techniques available, in today’s world for couples trying to conceive, who are otherwise not able to do so under normal circumstances. Individuals and couples these days choose to defer having babies due to a variety of reasons. Cryo-preservation helps couples in the future, when there is better stability in their personal and financial life. Couples opting for embryo cryo-preservation should consult the best IVF Clinic In Hyderabad in such cases.  So, come to Feminova, for an unbiased and non -judgemental session and walk out with more confidence than when you came in! 

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Introduction – Pregnancy is always treated as a blessing or joy when a couple  is trying to conceive. But getting pregnant is not as simple as we think it to be – because the process of pregnancy depends on various factors. Womanhood starts from the age of menarche or first menses and the fertility of the woman is considered high. She can continue to have children at any time, till her menopause, if she so desires. But, this decision comes with risks and advantages; the most fertile period of a woman is in her late teen’s i.e., around 19yrs till early 30s . Then fertility naturally begins to decline as the woman gets older, making it harder to conceive. A late pregnancy is not only difficult but also risky for the mother and baby.

What Happens With Advancing Age According To Science?

Scientifically speaking, women’s reproductive organs are fully functional and at their peak health between their late 20s and early 30s. Getting pregnant and taking care of a whole new life is not merely decided by age alone, but it is one of the factors to think about, while other factors like emotional willingness and financial readiness also matter when starting a family. Hence the timing for each woman may differ accordingly. 

Women carry a finite number of eggs at birth- approximately around 2 million initially, and it drops to 3,00,000 at puberty, By late 30’s, it drops to just over 25,000 eggs and by the age of 50, it will be as low as 1000. So, a general thumb rule is – ovarian reserve or the number of eggs decrease with increasing age, negatively impacting fertility, as time goes by. 

Factors that Affect Fertility-

• Quality of egg: Having a healthy baby is the wish and dream of every mother and this is decided by the quality of an egg. During the peak reproductive age that is the ages between 20-31 yrs, egg quality is at its best and as age progresses, quality starts to decline. Once the woman crosses the age of 35 yrs, her fertility starts to drop quickly.

The chances of getting pregnant decreases with age – like you have a 20% chance to conceive at the age of 25, 12% chance at the age of 35 and 7% post 40 yrs.

 Certain accompanying lifestyle related factors include- 

• Smoking
• Underlying systemic diseases
• Pelvic organ infections
• Any form of cancer.

Advantages Of Getting Pregnant Between Your Late 20s And Early 30s:

• Any and all post pregnancy effects are well tolerated and mothers tend to heal faster if they are younger. 
• With the growth of a healthy baby, women in their peak fertile age can provide better intra- uterine life to the foetus, increasing the chances of producing a healthy off-spring.
• Energy: Women in between late twenties and early thirties have sufficient energy to take care of their little one.
• There will be fewer chances of pregnancy complications.

Risks Of Delayed Pregnancy Include Several Conditions Like –

• Gestational diabetes
• High blood pressures
• Pre-eclampsia
• Miscarriages
• Premature birth
• Still births
• low birth weight in infant
• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Cardiac risks to the mother. 

According to IVF specialists and health care professionals, as age advances, the amount of DNA present in the older eggs may have too much or too little genetic information, this can increase the chances of having a child with genetic abnormality or having a miscarriage. Planning pregnancy at an older age not only makes it hard to conceive but it also poses serious health risks to the mother.

Conclusion – If you’re a couple planning a pregnancy, then do consider evaluating the health conditions of both the parents under the guidance of experienced IVF specialists or gynaecologists available at a women’s clinic nearby, so that they can guide and advise you on the most suitable plans available. There are multiple options available like freezing eggs and sperm if you’re at risk of any other illness like cancer treatment which can damage your sperm or egg. Talk to specialists at Feminova Clinics, which is the best fertility Clinic In Hyderabad, if you have a history of any other illness related to thyroid, heart, epilepsy etc.  An early consultation with the experts can provide better options for you and your off-spring.

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Introduction – Menstruation or commonly known as a period is a bodily cycle seen in women where shedding of the uterus lining occurs every month. A regular cycle is a good thing to have. The shedding partly consists of tissue and blood. This process is driven by hormones which are chemical messengers in your body and organs like the pituitary gland in the brain and the ovaries play a major role in menstruation. A cross sectional study conducted in India revealed that 50 to 87.8% of women reported dysmenorrhoea. Among this range, 70% of females in the adolescent age group – suffered the most pain. 

How Does Healthy Menstruation Happen?

This cyclical occurrence is under the tight control of hormones – especially from the pituitary and ovaries, which influence the uterus into initiating the process of menstruation. The process of menstruation happens in 4 phases namely the menses, follicular phase, ovulation and the luteal phase.

Hormones like oestrogen, progesterone, follicular stimulating hormone and prostaglandins are responsible for the process of a smooth cycle. Any irregularities in these hormones can cause various symptoms ranging from painful menses to infertility.

What Is Painful Menses Or Dysmenorrhoea?

Dysmennorhoea is pain caused in the lower abdomen and back during the process of menstruation. It is classified into 2 types: primary and secondary. 

• Primary dysmenorrhoea is the most common type seen in adolescent and young adult women. Hormones like prostaglandins are released in increased amounts leading to the cut off of blood flow to the uterus, causing ischemia and severe pain. Early menarche, irregular oestrogen production, smoking, stress and obesity, and family history are some contributing factors for the high prostaglandin levels.
• Secondary dysmenorrhoea: This type of menstrual cramps or pain is seen due to underlying pelvic conditions like endometriosis, fibroids, adenomyosis or PID (Pelvic inflammatory disease), polyps, cervical diseases, congenital abnormalities, ovarian cysts and Intra uterine device (IUD) complications. Any of these factors can cause the pelvic organs like the uterus and ovaries to produce high levels of prostaglandins, causing extreme pain during menses. Symptoms can range from extreme pain in the lower abdomen, thighs, a feeling of pressure, bloating, nausea, vomiting, dizziness and headaches respectively. 

Dysmenorrhea must be diagnosed and treated in a timely fashion. If it is primary dysmenorrhea, then, there is no need to worry too much. But, if other medical conditions are causing severe pain, it is important to deal with them, to prevent any complications from occurring later on. Untreated PID or endometriosis can lead to infertility in severe cases. Diagnosis is usually done by a gynaecologist- using a pelvic exam. A speculum will also be inserted, so that the doctor gets a better look at your vagina and cervix. If results remain inconclusive and you still have painful symptoms, then you may need a hysteroscopy, ultrasound or a laparoscopy. 

Management of Dysmenorrhoea Symptoms- 

Relieving period cramps depends on severity and underlying pathologies. If there are no underlying diseases, pain killers, ample rest with hot bag application are advised. If the pain is extremely severe affecting your daily life, your gynaecologist may provide hormonal medications. In secondary dysmenorrhoea pains, the underlying uterine or ovarian problems must be treated first and the body recovers by itself. 

Conclusion – Menstruation is a natural process like digestion and respiration. Any pain in such a natural process is an area of concern and should be addressed at the earliest. Visit your nearest gynaecologist if you are affected by it. Informing your complete medical history helps the gynaecologist to suggest a plan according to your condition. Since dysmenorrhoea may be hormonal in nature, you will need holistic care. Feminova Women’s Clinic has some of the best gynaecologists, including the Top PCOS Specialist in Hyderabad – who are well experienced in addressing your suffering by providing appropriate measures and requisite advice.

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