Introduction

Dyspareunia is the phenomenon where a person may experience recurring bouts of pain before, during or after sexual intercourse. This condition is more common in women but men can also suffer from it. It can lead to severe psychological effects, if not treated. The pain occurs mainly due to some underlying condition- and that is what is diagnosed and treated by specialists at Feminova Clinics- as we are the best fertility clinic in Hyderabad. 

Causes for Dyspareunia

The main cause for dyspareunia is improper vaginal lubrication. But, you may have symptoms when you have some infection, injury, trauma or suffer from some medical condition. Examples include- 

• If you have endometriosis
• If you have dermatitis that can make your skin feel very itchy. 
• If there is pelvic floor dysfunction- the muscles and ligaments on the pelvic floor are not working normally. 
• If you suffer from conditions like Crohn’s disease, IBS or ulcerative colitis. 
• If you suffer from bladder problems like UTIs, cystitis.
• Hormonal changes like in perimenopause. 
• Pinched nerve in the region. 
• If you suffer from vaginismus- the vaginal muscles spasm because of previous trauma or when you are worried about getting hurt. 
• Hormonal changes during breastfeeding can also cause dyspareunia. 
• If you have sex too soon after childbirth. 
• Injury to the vulva or vagina due to an episiotomy or a tear due to childbirth. 
• Infections can also cause symptoms like pain, burning sensation and inflammation. 

Symptoms of Dyspareunia

These are the symptoms associated with this condition- 

• Pain at the point of entry- like the vulva, vagina or when you use a tampon. 
• Pain felt deeper during thrusting. 
• Aching or throbbing after sex. 
• You may have pelvic cramping. 
• Spasms and bladder pain may also occur. 

In general, women may report pain in the uterus, lower abdomen, vaginal canal skin, pelvic floor muscles and uterine ligaments. Men report pain in the shaft, head of the penis, pelvis or testicles. 

Diagnosis of Dyspareunia

This condition can be diagnosed with-

• Pelvic exam is done initially- urine and vaginal fluid samples are taken from women. Rectal exams may also be recommended at times. 
• Transvaginal ultrasound can help visualise the reproductive canal and system better. 
• Laparoscopy is a more invasive option and is done when other tests are inconclusive. 

Treatment for Dyspareunia

The cause for the pain is first ascertained and then treatment begins. 

• If mental trauma is the issue- you may need therapy. 
• Low estrogen can cause dryness and painful sex during menopause – medication or hormone replacement therapy may be useful in such cases. 
• For infections- antifungal agents or antibiotics may be prescribed. 
• Using a water based lubricant can greatly reduce the probability of developing pain, if dryness is the main issue. 
• Using an ice pack on the vulva can help with symptoms. Trying different positions is also a good option to consider. 

Conclusion

Dyspareunia is a common condition that can affect both men and women of all ages. It can affect intimacy and lead to other issues, if the underlying condition is not treated soon- this is especially true of STIs. If you notice newer symptoms like irregular periods, abnormal vaginal discharge, pain that gets worse during sex or bleeding, then please call the best Gynecologist In Chandanagar or Gynecologist Near Lingampally immediately, as we are the best fertility clinic in Hyderabad. 

Can’t find an answer? Book a clinic visit or Call us  at +91 9966888702 or +91 8125860069